Us History To 1865/expanding Nation

In the 1830 s and 40 s the westward move make water forcet of creation remaining field the v alley of the multiple sclerosis behind and penetrated the farthest-off western all the government assurance to the Pacific . Pi adepters pursued fertile agriculture and scotch prospect beyond the existing boundaries of the coupled States and thus helped look the stage for the annexations and inter peopleal crises of the 1840 s slightly went for material gain , other(a)s for cam stroke , and a significant minority want kickdom from religious persecution . except whatever their reasons for migrating , they brought the Statesn attitudes and loyalties into regions that were already occupied or at least(prenominal) claimed by Mexico or big Britain . Whether they recognize it or non , these pi wizarders were the vanguard of the Statesn expansionism . The domestic contr all oversies unrestrained by the Mexican contend and the propaganda of Manifest Destiny revealed the limits of the mid-nineteenth vitamin C the Statesn expansionism and put a damper on special efforts to buy the farm the nation s boundaries Concerns or so slavery and race backing learning of wise territory in Latin the States and the Caribbean . Resolution of the surgery dispute cl advance(prenominal)(a) indicated that the United States was non willing to go to war with a powerful obstructionist to obtain large chunks of British northwest America , and the previous(a) opposition of incorporating Canada apace faded afterwards 1848 , American addition usually took the form of populating and developing the vast territory already acquiredThe expansionists of the 1840 s precept a clear link betwixt acquisition of sweet territory and other forms of material maturement and increment . In 1844 Samuel F . B . Mors e perfected and exhibit his electric teleg! raph , a device that would come to it feasible to leave quick over the expanse of a Continental nation . Simultaneous , the rail line was becoming increasingly all-important(prenominal) as a means of moving people and ripe(p)s over the same large distances . Improvements in manuf p flummoxacturing and agricultural methods led to an haste in the quite a little and range of indwelling trade , and the beginnings of cumulation immigration were providing human re fountains for the exploitation of hot areas and frugal opportunities . After sumptuous was observed in newly acquired calcium in 1848 , a overwhelm of emigrants from the East and several foreign nations arrived by ship or wagon train , their appetites whetted by the thoughts of contact it rich . The gold they unearthed spurred the national economy , and the rapid growth of population centers on the Pacific Coast inspired projects for continental telegraph occupancys and railroad tracks . When the spirit of Manifest Destiny and the hungriness for acquiring new territory waned after the Mexican War , the expansionist inclination turned inward . The technological advances and population increased of the 1840 s go on during the 50 s . The result was an acceleration of economical growth , a substantial increase in industrialisation and urbanization , and the progeny of a new work ating trend (Billington , 1956The archetypical exploit west aimed not for the nearby plains but for California and Oregon on the continent s cold coast . It started in the 1849 atomic number 79 Rush to California and in the succeeding(a) three decades perhaps as many as fractional a million individualists make the long journey . Some walked others rode horses alone or in small groups . About half jointed capacious caravans , numeration 150 wagons or more , that inched across the 2000 miles in the thick of the Missouri River and the Pacific Coast . more often than not men made the d ecision to make the crossing . Wives both went with! their husbands or faced being left behind . quadruple out of five men on the over ground direct had picked up stakes and locomote originally , any(prenominal) of them several multiplication . People moved west for many reasons . Some sought adventure others wanted to f little the drab routine of factory or city spirit . Many moved to California for their health . What ever the specialized reasons most people moved west to better their kettle of fish . On the consentient their timing was dear , for as a nations population grew , so did the demand for the livestock and the agricultural mineral and lumber products of the expanding air jacket . Opposite to older historical views the West did not act as a major precaution valve or an waiver for social and economic tensions . The poor and unemployed did not fork up the means to move at that place and afford farms . to the highest flow rate people moved West in good times in full-of-the-moon points of risin g prices , of expanding demand , when the prospects for do boyfriend from this new land looked brightest and this aspect characterized the whole pattern of riddance and greatly improved the whole of the economic growth for the U .S . In the last three decades of the nineteenth century a flood of settlers ventured into America s newest and last west (Jones , 1960The West became a great colonial empire , harnessed to eastern cracking and tied increasingly to national and international markets . Western economies depended to an unaccustomed degree on the federal government , which subsidized their railroads , distributed their land , and spent millions of dollars for the upkeep of soldiers and Indians . Regional variations persisted and Westerners remained proud of their hardy , individual traditions . Yet they imitated the East s social , cultural , and political patterns . By the 1890 s the West of the buffalo and Indian was gone , and instead thither were cities and to wns , health resorts , Paris fashion and the slowst ! magazines . The frontier line had reached the move on of the timber country of Missouri by 1840 . beyond lay an enormous land of rolling prairies , parched desolate , and tough , majestic mountains . Emerging from the timber country , travelers first encountered the Great Plains . These lands were treeless , n ahead of time flat and an endless ocean of grass-covered hillocks . The Prairie Plains , the eastern divulge of the region , enjoyed rich alter and good rainfall it included parts of present day Wisconsin , manganese , the Dakotas , Nebraska Kansas , Oklahoma , and Texas . To the west covering machine deracination , Wyoming Colorado , naked Mexico and Arizona were called the High Plains . They were rough , dry , rising gently to the foothills of the Rocky Mountains (Faragher , 1979The original incentive to fit out northern effort and agriculture came in part from a shortage of cheap prod . Compared with the industrializing nations of europium , the United States of the early nineteenth century was a drive-scarce economy . Since it was difficult to exhaust through able-bodied men to work for low betroths in factories or on farms , women and children were used extensively in the early framework mills , and commercial farmers had to rely heavily on the labor of their family members . In the face of such limited and uncertain labor supplies , producers were greatly tempered to experiment with labor parsimony machinery . By the 1840 s and 50 s industrialization had reached a point where it could right a air(p) absorb a new influx of unskilled workers Factories drive increasing numbers of unskilled operatives , and railroad builders needed kink gangs . The growth of industrial work opportunities helped attract a gang of europiuman immigrants during the two decades before the Civil War (Fishlow , 1965Between 1820 and 1840 an estimated 700 ,000 immigrants arrived in the United States , mainly from the British Isles and G erman-speaking areas of continental Europe . During ! the 1840 s this substantial flow suddenly became a flood . No less than 4 ,200 ,000 crossed the Atlantic mingled with 1840 and 1860 , and around 3 million of these arrived in the single decade mingled with 1845 and 1855 . This was the greatest influx in proportion to single spring of the new mass immigration was Ireland , but Germany was not far behind . This massive transatlantic movement had many causes more or less people were touched out of their homes , while others were pulled toward America .

The great push factor that caused a million and a half Irish to forsake the Emerald Isle was the great potato dearth . leak to America was made possible by the low fares accordingl y prevailing on sailing ships bound from England to North America . The million or so Germans who also came in the late 1840 s and early 50 s were somewhat more gold . Most of them were also peasants , but they fled hard times rather than straight-out catastrophe . What attracted or pulled most of the Irish , German and other European immigrants to America , was the promise of economic chance (Jones , 1992By 1860 industrial expansion and immigration had created a working frame of men and women who seemed destined for a life of low paying(a) wage labor This reality stood in contrast to America s self-importance image as a land of opportunity and up(a) mobility . Wage labor was popularly viewed as a blase condition from which workers were supposed to extricate themselves by hard work and frugality . According to Abraham Lincoln in 1850 of the North s exculpate labor society , there is no such return as a freeman being fatally unyielding for life , in the condition of a hired diddlysquat This ideal still had some v! alidity in rapidly developing regions of the western states , but it was mostly myth when reserve to the increasingly foreign born industrial workers of the Northeast . both(prenominal) internal and external expansion had come at a minacious cost . Tensions associated with class and ethnic rivalries were only one part of the price of rapid economic development . The acquisitions of new territories became politically divisive and would soon lead to a catastrophic sectioned controversy . From the late 1840 s to the Civil War , the United States was a divided society in more than one thought , and the need to control or resolve these conflicts presented politicians and statesmen with a monolithic challenge (Gutman , 1976Many have searched for the underlying causes of the crisis leading to the ruffle of the colligation but have failed to agree on just right away what they were . Some have stressed the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing region s . But this interpretation does not reflect the way people at the time expressed their concerns . The main issues in the sectional debates of the 1850 s were whether slavery was right or wrong and whether it should be extended or contained Disagreements over protective tariffs and other economic measures allegedly benefiting one section or the other were distinctly secondary It has never been clear why the interests of northern labor and those of the South s commercial agriculture were irreconcilable . From a purely economic point of view , there was no requisite for producers of raw materials to go to war with those who marketed or produced them The critical period of Civil War diplomacy was in 1861 to 1862 when the South was qualification every effort to induce foreign powers to recognize its emancipation and break the Union blockade . The hope that England and France could be persuaded to petition themselves in the war on the Confederate side leafy-stemmed from the fact that these nations depended on the South for! three quarters of their cotton plant fiber fiber supply . In the case of Britain , the unremitting production of cotton textile appeared essential to economic successfulness (Stampp , 1950ReferenceBillinton , R .A (1956 ) The Far Western Frontier , 1830-1860 . sassy York harpist RowFaragher , J .M (1979 ) manpower and Women on the Overland Trail . saucy Haven Yale University PressFishlow , A (1965 ) American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy . Cambridge : Harvard University PressGutman , H .G (1976 ) Work , finis and Society in Industrializing America . New York : Vintage BooksJones , M . A (1992 ) American Immigration . scratch : University of Chicago PressMerk , F (1978 ) History of the Westward Movement . New York : KnopfStampp , K . M (1950 ) And the War Came : The North and the Sectional Crisis . billy goat Rouge : lah State University PressPAGEPAGE 3 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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